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Since 1970, cannabis (often referred to as marijuana) has been a Schedule I drug under the United States Controlled Substances Act (CSA), rendering its use illegal at the federal level. Despite this, an increasing number of states, localities, and territories have enacted laws allowing medical or both medical and nonmedical adult use (recreational) of cannabis. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) assessed temporal trends in cannabis-related healthcare encounters, including cannabis-related disorders and poisonings, among commercially insured adults aged 18-64 years. This report is cited in the scientific and medical evaluation of “marijuana” conducted by FDA on behalf of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and transmitted to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The HHS evaluation provides a basis for DEA’s recent proposed rule, published in the Federal Register (89 FR 44597, May 21, 2024), to reschedule “marijuana” from Schedule I to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act.